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# 每日一练 成本基准是下列哪个过程的输出？ 规划成本管理 估算成本 制定预算 控制成本 PMBOK 第六版 P254：成本基准是 “制定预算 “过程的输出。” 以下哪项是估算成本过程的输入？ 工作分解结构 成本基准 合同 资源日历 PMBOK 第六版 P242：“工作分解结构属于范围基准，指明了项目全部可交付成果及其各组成部分之间的相互关系 “，是估算成本过程的输入。 在预算方面，项目经理必须向项目发起人汇报到目前为止所执行工作的价值。项目经理应该计算什么？ 实际成本 计划价值 挣值 完工预算 书 PMBOK 第六版...

# 核心概念 项目成本管理包括为使项目在批准的预算内完成而对成本进行规划、估算、预算、融资、筹资、管理和控制的各个过程。 项目成本管理重点关注完成项目活动所需资源的成本，但同时也应考虑项目决策时对项目产品、服务或成果的使用成本、维护成本和支持成本的影响。 不同的相关方会在不同的时间、用不同的方法测算项目成本。 项目成本管理的趋势和新兴实践：对挣值管理 EVM 进行扩展，引入挣得进度 ES 的概念 传统做法 新兴实践 进度挣值管理相关 EV = 挣值；PV = 计划价值； ES = 挣得进度；AT = 实际时间； SV (进度偏差) SV = EV - PV TV 时间偏差...

# Questions A company recently purchased a commercial off-the-shelf application to automate their bill-paying process. They now plan to run an acceptance test against the package prior to putting it into production. Which of the following is their most likely reason for...

# Clinical Cases Part 1 # Case 1 Mild, moderate or severe LV systolic dysfunction? Severe What is wrong with the interventricular septum? scarred What can be seen with LV contrast? Thrombus or Clot # Case 2 What do we think is the cause of the doppler trace? Aortic Stenosis Is the aortic...

# Mitraclip # 适应症 Mitral regurgitation prevalence increases with age 二尖瓣反流患病率随年龄增长而增加 Primary and secondary MR 原发性和继发性 Patients unsuitable for surgery include: 不适合外科手术的患者包括： Age, co-morbidities, LV dysfunction 年龄、合并症、左心室功能 High surgical risk 外科手术风险高 Surgical options include via central sternotomy...

# Part 1 Question and Answers The arrow here points to: Left atrium 左房 Right pulmonary artery 右肺动脉 Posterior pericardial effusion 后壁心包积液 Left pleural effusion 左侧胸腔积液 In a person with suspected paravalvular (mechanical) mitral regurgitation, the following transducer position has the best chance of...

# Learning objectives Types and Flow Profiles of Prosthetic Valves 人工瓣膜的类型和血流动力学特征 Echocardiographic Evaluation: Key Points 超声评估要点 Prosthetic Valves Evaluation: Elevated gradients 跨瓣压差 Regurgitation 反流 Endocarditis 心内膜炎 Thrombus versus Pannus 血栓与血管翳的鉴别 Challenges for Evaluation 困难和挑战 # Basic...

# Learning objectives Tricuspid valve anatomy 三尖瓣解剖 Aetiology of tricuspid valve disease 三尖瓣疾病的病因 Tricuspid regurgitation/stenosis 三尖瓣反流 / 狭窄 Pulmonary artery pressures 肺动脉压力 # Tricuspid Valve Anatomy Most apical valve 更靠近心尖部的瓣膜 20% larger than MV annulus 比二尖瓣瓣环大 20% Normal annulus is 3.0-3.5...

# Learning objectives To understand the subsets of patients with severe aortic stenosis who do not meet the classical criteria for the diagnosis 了解不符合经典诊断标准的严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者的亚组 To understand the investigation algorithms for these subsets 了解这些亚组的检查方法 To discuss the prognosis and surgical/interventional...

# Learning objectives Definition 定义 Diagnosis 诊断 Diagnostic echocardiography criteria 超声诊断标准 Echocardiographic estimation of outcome 超声对预后的评估 Intracardiac complications of endocarditis 心内膜炎的心内并发症 Prosthetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎 Treatment: Medical and surgical 治疗：药物和手术 #...