有夢書架

# Learning objectives Causes of MS Cardiac changes in MS Assessing MS severity Wilkins score/commissural calcification score. # Role of Echocardiography Confirmation of diagnosis and aetiology of MS MS 的诊断和病因确认 Quantification of MS severity MS 严重程度的量化 Assessment of MS complications MS...

# Learning objectives To understand the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology and proghosis of aortic stenosis 了解主动脉瓣狭窄的流行病学、病原学、病理生理学和预后 To review the qualitative and quantitative echocardiographic methods available to assess the severity of aortic stenosis 回顾可用于评估主动脉瓣狭窄严重程度的定性和定量超声心动图方法 To...

# Learning objectives To understand the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology and prognosis of aortic regurgitation 了解主动脉瓣反流的流行病学、病因学、病理生理学及预后 To review the qualitative and quantitative echocardiographic methods available to assess severity 回顾可用于评估严重程度的定性和定量超声心动图方法 To appreciate the role of...

# Learning Obiectives Anatomy of the PV 解剖 Echocardiographic views to assess PV 超声切面 Pathologies of the PV 病理学 Assessment of severity of PV lesions 严重程度评估 # Pulmonary Valve (PV) Semilunar valve: separates RVOT from main PA 半月瓣：分隔右室流出道与肺动脉 Anterior and superior to the aortic...

# Learning objective Mitral valve Anatomy 二尖瓣解剖 Echocardiographic visualisation of the mitral valve 二尖瓣的超声心动图目测观 Mechanisms of MR 二尖瓣反流的机制 Carpentier classification of mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流的 Carpentier 分型 Role of 3D echocardiography 三维超声心动图的作用 # Mitral Valve Apparatus 二尖瓣装置 Saddle-shaped...

# Learning objectives How to assess MR Severity 如何评估 MR 严重程度 Colour Flow measures 彩色血流 Doppler methods of MR assessment 多普勒 PISA/flow convergence and limitations 近端等速表面积 / 血流收敛方法及其局限性 Volumetric assessment and limitations 容量评估及其局限性 Role of special tests in MR 其他特殊检测在 MR 中的作用 # How to Assess MR...

# Aims and objectives To understand the basic principles of echocardiographic quantification of valve disease 了解超声心动图定量诊断心脏瓣膜病的基本原理 Morphological techniques 形态学技术 Assessment of valve stenosis 瓣膜狭窄的评估 Measurement of valve gradient by Doppler echocardiography 多普勒超声心动图测量跨瓣压差 Calculation of valve area...

# Learning objectives Cases of Systemic diseases with echocardiographic changes 伴超声心动图改变的系统性疾病病例 Recognise echocardiographic features of systemic diseases 识别系统性疾病的超声心动图特征 Systemic diseases that mimic each other on echocardiography 超声心动图表现上相似的系统性疾病 # Echocardiography in Systemic Diseases Systemic...

# Echo Basics and the Right Ventricle With regard to the anatomy of the RV, which of the following statements are true? 关于 RV 的解剖结构，以下哪项陈述是正确的？ Wall thickness is the same as the LV 室壁厚度与 LV 相同 In the apical four chamber view, the LV appears more trabeculated 在心尖四腔切面，左心室似乎由更多肌小梁 The RV is anterior...

# Can we always see details well? 我们总是能很好地看到细节吗？ Nickname for echocardiography: Shadow-gram. 超声心动图的昵称：阴影图。 # Limiting factors to taking good images 拍摄良好图像的限制因素 High body mass index i.e. obese patients 高体重指数，肥胖患者 Respiratory disease, especially COPD 呼吸系统疾病，尤其是 COPD Poor patient positioning e.g...