首页 临床医学 心血管病学 超声心动图 第四阶段 Advanced

  1. The following segments can be seen in the 4 chamber view. True or false.

    • Basal anteroseptal
    • Basal inferoseptal
    • Basal inferolateral
    • Basal anterior
    • Basal lateral

  2. LVEDD = 40 mm, LVESD = 30 mm, Fractional Shortening = ?

    • 20%
    • 25%
    • 30%
    • 35%
    • 40%

  3. LVOT diameter = 2.2 cm LVOT area = ?

    • 4 cm2
    • 3.8 cm2
    • 3.6 cm2
    • 3.4 cm2
    • 3.2 cm2

  4. The following features make 2D echo more accurate. True or false.

    • Atrial Fibrillation
    • High body mass index
    • Regular heart rate
    • Taking images on inspiration
    • Using as much gain as possible to make picture bright

  1. Assign a wall motion score to the mid anteroseptum at rest.

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5

  2. Assign a score to the apical anterior wall at peak stress.

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5

  3. Why is gas an excellent contrast agent? Pick the best answer.

    • It is 1000 times less dense than blood
    • It is 1000 times less compressible than blood
    • It is 100,000 times less compressible than blood
    • It is 100,000 times less dense than blood
    • It is 1000 times darker than blood

  4. How does contrast work?

    • It delineates the endocardium, making it easy to see difficult features
    • It delineates the myocardium, making it easy to see difficult features
    • It delineates the epicardium, making it easy to see difficult features
    • You need to use agitated saline to look for ASD
    • You need to use agitated saline to look for LV thrombus

  5. Comment on RV systolic function. Pick the best answer.

    • Normal
    • Mildly reduced
    • Moderately reduced
    • Severely reduced

  1. Name the view.

    • Long axis parasternal
    • Short axis parasternal
    • Apical 4 chamber
    • Apical 3 chamber
    • Apical 2 chamber

  2. The basal anterior wall is? Pick the best answer.

    • Normal
    • Hypokinetic
    • Akinetic
    • Dyskinetic
    • Aneurysmal

  1. Which modality through which valve?

    • PW aortic
    • PW tricuspid
    • PW mitral
    • CW aortic
    • CW mitral

  2. What does the above image tell us about LV functions?

    • Normal
    • Mild diastolic dysfunction
    • Mild systolic dysfunction
    • Moderate diastolic dysfunction
    • Severe diastolic dysfunction

  3. Are there motion abnormalities? Pick the best answer.

    • No
    • Mid anterior hypokinesis
    • Mid inferior hypokinesis
    • Mid anteroseptal hypokinesis
    • Mid lateral hypokinesis

  4. Are there wall motion abnormalities? Pick the best answer.

    • No
    • Basal inferoseptal hypokinesis
    • Mid inferoseptal hypokinesis
    • Apical lateral hypokinesis
    • Mid lateral hypokinesis

  1. What is the modality and the valve? Pick the best answer.

    • PW mitral valve
    • PW aortic valve
    • CW aortic valve
    • CW tricuspid valve
    • CW pulmonary valve

  2. Calculate the approximate peak gradient.

    • 15 mmHg
    • 25 mmHg
    • 35 mmHg
    • 45 mmHg
    • 55 mmHg

  1. What is the main valve pathology? Pick the best answer.

    • Mitral stenosis
    • Pulmonary stenosis
    • Aortic stenosis
    • Tricuspid stenosis
    • Mitral regurgitation

  2. Can you see another valve abnormality?

    There is Mitral annual calcification

  1. Name the valves you can see. Pick the best answer.

    • Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral
    • Tricuspid, aortic, mitral
    • Aortic, mitral, pulmonary
    • Aortic, tricuspid, pulmonary

  2. Is there a pathology? Pick the best answer.

    • Bicuspid aortic valve, aortic stenosis
    • Tricuspid aortic valve, aortic stenosis
    • No pathology
    • Bicuspid aortic valve, aortic regurgitation
    • Tricuspid aortic valve, aortic regurgitation

  1. What is the pathology? Pick the best answer.

    • Aortic stenosis
    • Aortic regurgitation
    • Pulmonary stenosis
    • Pulmonary regurgitation
    • Tricuspid stenosis

  2. What is the degree of the abnormality in the above picture? Pick the best answer.

    • Mild
    • Moderate
    • Severe
    • Impossible to assess

  3. TAVI: True or false

    • Should be considered in moderate risk patients
    • Has a higher rate of pacemaker insertion than surgery
    • TAVI complications include paraprosthetic leak
    • TAVI always needs general anaesthesia
    • TAVI always needs a transapical approach

  4. Mitraclip. True or false

    • Always has better results than mitral valve repair
    • Is ideal for patients with endocarditis
    • Is ideal for patients with rheumatic heart disease
    • Is best suited to patients with functional mitral regurgitation
    • You can only place one clip per valve

  1. Comment on LV systolic function. Pick the best answer.

    • Normal
    • Mildly impaired
    • Moderately impaired
    • Severely impaired

  2. Comment on RV systolic function. Pick the best answer.

    • Normal
    • Mildly impaired
    • Moderately impaired
    • Severely impaired

  1. In which chamber is the abnormality?

    • Left ventricle
    • Left atrium
    • Right ventricle
    • Right atrium
    • Aorta

  2. What is the abnormality? Pick the best answer.

    • Thrombus
    • Sarcoma
    • Myxoma
    • Vegetation
    • Artifact

  1. Is the right ventricle… Pick the best answer.

    • Dilated, good systolic function
    • Normal size, good systolic function
    • Normal size, poor systolic function
    • Dilated, poor systolic function
    • Unable to comment on size

  2. Likely pathology. Pick the best answer.

    • ARVC
    • HCM
    • No pathology
    • Anterior MI
    • Lateral MI

  1. Systolic function is… Pick the best answer.

    • Severely impaired LV and RV
    • Severely impaired LV; normal RV
    • Severely impaired LV; can’t comment on RV
    • Mildly impaired LV; severely impaired RV
    • Moderately impaired LV and RV

  2. Any other abnormality? True or false.

    • RV apical thrombus
    • Dilated Right Atrium
    • LV apical thrombus
    • Pericardial effusion
    • Pleural effusion